海藻酸-磷脂微囊复合水凝胶的制备、表征及毒理学分析

采用薄膜分散法合成磷脂微囊,根据胶粒的双电层理论,通过在微囊中加入氯化锰、氯化钙和氯化镁电解质溶液,使微囊处于相对稳定的状态.研究发现加入氯化锰和氯化钙溶液,微囊胶体的粒径没有明显的变化,但加入一定浓度氯化镁溶液,其粒径明显变大.为了进一步增加磷脂微囊稳定性,将氯化锰、氯化钙、氯化镁磷脂微囊胶体分别与海藻酸钠(SA)溶液混合.结果表明,氯化镁与SA几乎不能形成水凝胶,氯化钙与SA形成水凝胶能力强于氯化锰.微囊胶体溶液中的磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)可以与Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)键合形成PS-Ca~(2+)和PS-Mg~(2+),但不能与Mn~(2+)键合形成PS-Mn~(2+).对氯化钙磷脂微囊与海藻酸钠合成的复合水凝胶的形貌、溶胀率及细胞毒性进行了表征,结果表明,氯化钙与SA形成的水凝胶可以捕获胶体中磷脂微囊,且形貌规整,结构稳定,无细胞毒性.     

1,3-二羟基呫吨酮类化合物的简洁合成及清除亚硝酸根作用研究

以间苯三酚为起始原料,在伊顿试剂的催化作用下,与不同取代水杨酸反应合成1,3-二羟基呫吨酮类化合物3a~3l 12个,收率63%~87%,并探讨了反应机理及结构-反应活性关系.利用紫外分光光度法测定了所合成化合物对亚硝酸盐的清除作用,结果表明,在37℃、pH 3及反应时间为30 min条件下,1,3-呫吨酮类化合物对亚硝酸根均有较好的清除作用,其中化合物3f和3b的清除作用最强,清除率达34%.同时对1,3-二羟基呫吨酮类化合物清除亚硝酸盐的作用机制及构效关系进行了探讨.     

硅氧烷交联的咪唑基团功能化聚苯醚/聚四氟乙烯耐高温质子交换膜

以聚苯醚(PPO)为基体材料, 通过溴甲基化及咪唑基团功能化, 与聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合、 硅氧烷基团水解交联及磷酸掺杂, 制备了兼具高磷酸掺杂含量、 高质子电导率和良好机械性能的高温质子交换膜材料. 以甲基咪唑(MeIm)和咪唑基硅氧烷化合物(SiIm)为功能化试剂(其中咪唑基团提供了磷酸作用位点, 同时SiIm中的硅氧烷基团水解后得到Si—O—Si交联网络结构), 提高了膜材料的机械稳定性. 与PTFE的复合进一步增强了膜材料的机械强度. 结果表明, 复合膜具有较高的电导率和一定的机械强度. 当磷酸掺杂质量分数为242.5%时, PPO-50%SiIm-50%MeIm/PTFE复合膜在160 ℃不加湿条件下的电导率为0.09 S/cm, 室温下的断裂拉伸强度为3.6 MPa.     

Isolation and structure determination of a new lasso peptide subterisin from Sphingomonas subterranea

A new lasso peptide named subterisin was isolated from the culture broth of Sphingomonas subterranea NBRC 16086^T. The molecular formula of subterisin was established as C₇₈H₁₂₁O₂₂N₂₁ based on accurate mass analysis. The chemical structure of subterisin was determined by 2D NMR experiments. The presence of macrolactam ring of Gly1–Glu8 was indicated by NOESY experiment and MS/MS analysis. The three-dimensional structure of subterisin in solution was established by calculation based on NMR data. The proposed biosynthetic gene cluster of subterisin was found on the genome of S. subterranea.     

Molecular insight into structures of monocationic and dicationic ionic liquids in mica slits

Structures of ionic liquids (ILs) 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)azanide ([C₁₀mim][TFSA]) and 1-decyl-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)azanide ([C₁₀(mim)₂](TFSA)₂) in different-sized mica slits have been investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Ion density and angular distributions for monocationic IL [C₁₀mim][TFSA] were analysed to elucidate the IL structures under different surface charges and especially their changes in the direction perpendicular to the surfaces. [C₁₀mim][TFSA] formes in bilayers, compatible with existing models of ILs with long alkyl chains. For dicationic IL [C₁₀(mim)₂](TFSA)₂, cations adjacent to the mica surface tend to stay parallel to the surface with both positively charged rings absorbed. While near the centre of the slit, dications show the weak tendency of orientation distribution, more random than [C₁₀mim]⁺ ions. Structures of [C₁₀(mim)₂](TFSA)₂ cannot be described by bilayer models. Additionally, the in-plane arrangement of [C₁₀mim][TFSA] is more ordered when K⁺ ions completely neutralise the negative charge of the mica surface, and [C₁₀mim]⁺ ions tend to be located in hexagonal mica lattices with two aluminium atoms in replacement of silicon atoms. [TFSA]^? ions are constrained by the neighbouring K⁺ ions absorbed onto mica lattices.     

Lignin and Lignin-Derived Compounds for Wood Applications—A Review

Improving the environmental performance of resins in wood treatment by using renewable chemicals has been a topic of interest for a long time. At the same time, lignin, the second most abundant biomass on earth, is produced in large scale as a side product and mainly used energetically. The use of lignin in wood adhesives or for wood modification has received a lot of scientific attention. Despite this, there are only few lignin-derived wood products commercially available. This review provides a summary of the research on lignin application in wood adhesives, as well as for wood modification. The research on the use of uncleaved lignin and of cleavage products of lignin is reviewed. Finally, the current state of the art of commercialization of lignin-derived wood products is presented.     

Impedance Response of a Thin Film on an Electrode: Deciphering the Influence of the Double Layer Capacitance

The different contributions of the interfacial capacitance are identified in the case of passive materials or thin protective coatings deposited on the electrode surface. The method is based on a graphical analysis of the EIS results to determine both the passive-film capacitance in the high-frequency domain and the double-layer capacitance in the low-frequency domain. The proposed analysis is shown to be independent of the physicochemical origins of the frequency dispersion of the interfacial capacitances which results, from an analysis point of view of the experimental results, in the use of a constant-phase element However, for a correct evaluation of the thin-film properties such as its thickness, the high-frequency data must be corrected for the double-layer contribution. In particular, it is shown that if the double-layer capacitance gives a frequency-dispersed response, it is necessary to correct the high-frequency part for the double-layer constant-phase elements. This is first demonstrated on synthetic data and then used for the determination of the thickness of thin oxide film formed on Al in neutral pH solution.     

食品药品检验机构仪器设备计量信息的标准化管理

建立食品药品检验机构仪器设备计量的信息化规范管理方法。总结了传统人工计量管理的弊端,提出计量信息化管理的流程,将计量信息化管理分为计量计划申报、计量应急申报、计量信息登记、计量结果确认4个步骤,详细介绍了4个步骤中信息管理的主要内容及注意事项。建立食品药品检验机构仪器设备计量信息化管理的标准化规程,可以为仪器设备计量信息的动态监管提供支持。